The orthodromic is the propagation of a nerve impulse in the same direction as a physiological conduction. The orthodromic nerve conduction studies are performed using a stimulus directed in the way the nerve normally depolarizes, for example, applying distal stimulation to the sensory fibers and recording responses more proximally. The stimulation can be applied at several sites such as the digit, palm, wrist or more proximally at the elbow and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) can be recorded proximally on the palm, wrist, elbow or even at the axilla. The orthodromic studies were introduced since 1950s and mostly used until the first half of the 1970s but, in clinical practice, the sensory antidromic nerve conduction studies have been gradually the preferred methods because of higher SNAPs amplitude than orthodromic sensory nerve conduction studies.
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S2 (Gilliatt and Sears, 1958) BUY CHAPTER
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S3 (Mayer, 1963) BUY CHAPTER
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S4 (Melvin et al., 1966) BUY CHAPTER
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S6 (Wiederholt, 1970) BUY CHAPTER
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S7 (Loong and Seah, 1971) BUY CHAPTER
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S8 (Buchthal and Rosenfalck, 1971) BUY CHAPTER
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S9 (Casey and Le Quesne, 1972) BUY CHAPTER
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S10 (Buchthal et al., 1974) BUY CHAPTER
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S11 (Eklund, 1975) BUY CHAPTER
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S22 (Smith, 1981) BUY CHAPTER
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S24 (Mills, 1985) BUY CHAPTER
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S25 (Monga et al., 1985) BUY CHAPTER
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S26 (Di Benedetto et al., 1986) BUY CHAPTER
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S29 (Carroll, 1987) BUY CHAPTER
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S31 (Chassin et al., 1987) BUY CHAPTER
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S32 (Joynt, 1989) BUY CHAPTER
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S33 (Uncini et al., 1989) BUY CHAPTER
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S35 (Macdonell et al., 1990) BUY CHAPTER
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S36 (Chang and Lien, 1991) BUY CHAPTER
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S37 (Lauritzen et al., 1991) BUY CHAPTER
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S40 (Padua et al., 1996) BUY CHAPTER
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S41 (Seror, 1996) BUY CHAPTER
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S43 (Seror, 1998) BUY CHAPTER
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S44 (Robinson et al., 1998) BUY CHAPTER
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S46 (Seror, 2000) BUY CHAPTER
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S47 (Seror, 2001) BUY CHAPTER
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S48 (Chang et al., 2002) BUY CHAPTER
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S49 (Imai et al., 2004) BUY CHAPTER
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S50 (Pyun et al., 2005) BUY CHAPTER
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S54 (Chang et al., 2008) BUY CHAPTER